How many stages has foreign M&A experienced in China? What are the characteristics of these periods?

StageTime periodMain Features

I1995-1998

a) Most M&As incurred in manufacturing industry

b) The buyers are mostly large international capital

c) The targets are focused on listed company

 

II1998-2001

a) The scope of M&A extended to electronic manufacture,

glass, rubber and food industries

b) Indirect control mode was adopted

 

III2001-Present

a) Foreigners have begun to become major stakeholders of listed company

b) More M&A methods were adopted

c) Foreign investors began to invest more monopolized industries